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World Economic Outlook (WEO)
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database contains selected macroeconomic data series from the statistical appendix of the World Economic Outlook report, which presents the IMF staff's analysis and projections of economic developments at the global level, in major country groups and in many individual countries. The WEO is released in April and October each year. Use this database to find data on national accounts, gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, unemployment rates, balance of payments, fiscal indicators, trade for countries and country groups (aggregates), and commodity prices whose data are reported by the IMF. Data are available from 1980 to the present, and projections are given for the next two years. Additionally, medium-term projections are available for selected indicators. For some countries, data are incomplete or unavailable for certain years.
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) dataset includes national consumer price indexes by economy and their associated weights and contributions to national annual inflation. The national CPI, referred to as consumer price index (CPI) in the dataset, is the official headline inflation for a given economy. The CPI dataset also includes Harmonized Indices of Consumer Prices (HICPS) for those economies in the European Union. The HICP is not the official inflation rate for an economy, it is used as an input into measuring regional inflation for the European Union and Euro Zone and its primary use is an input into Euro Zone monetary policy decisions. Consumer price indexes measure the relative changes over time in the prices of goods and services purchased by households, which households use directly, or indirectly, to satisfy their own needs and wants. CPIs are widely used to index wages, salaries, pensions, and social security benefits. CPIs are also used to index other payments, such as interest payments or rents, or the prices of bonds. CPIs are also commonly used as a proxy for the general rate of inflation, even though they measure only consumer inflation. They are used by governments or central banks to set inflation targets for purposes of monetary policy. The price data collected for CPI purposes can also be used to compile other indices, such as the price indices used to deflate household consumption expenditure in the national accounts, or to support the compilation of purchasing power parities used to compare real levels of consumption in different countries. The statistics are sourced from national authorities (central banks, national statistical institutes, ministries of finance) and collected using the IMF's Consumer Price Index Report Form. Where possible, the IMF has entered into data sharing agreements with international organizations who collect the same or similar statistics from national authorities. In these cases, the IMF sources the statistics from the international organization to reduce the reporting burden on countries.
Fiscal Monitor (FM)
The Fiscal Monitor surveys and analyzes the latest public finance developments. It updates fiscal implications of the crisis and medium-term fiscal projections, and assesses policies to put public finances on a sustainable footing.
Country-specific data and projections for key fiscal variables are based on the April 2024 World Economic Outlook database, unless indicated otherwise, and compiled by the IMF staff. Historical data and projections are based on the information gathered by IMF country desk officers in the context of their missions and through their ongoing analysis of the evolving situation in each country. They are updated on a continual basis as more information becomes available. Structural breaks in data may be adjusted to produce smooth series through splicing and other techniques. IMF staff estimates serve as proxies when complete information is unavailable. As a result, Fiscal Monitor data can differ from official data in other sources, including the IMF’s International Financial Statistics.
The country classification in the Fiscal Monitor divides the world into three major groups: 41 advanced economies, 96 emerging market and middle-income economies, and 58 low-income developing countries. Country groupings have been revised to broaden country coverage. The seven largest advanced economies in terms of GDP (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) constitute the subgroup of major advanced economies, often referred to as the Group of Seven (G7). The members of the euro area are also distinguished as a subgroup. Composite data shown in the tables for the euro area cover the current members for all years, even though the membership has increased over time. The low-income developing countries are countries that were designated Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT)–eligible in the 2013 PRGT-eligible review and had a level of per capita gross national income with less than the PRGT income graduation threshold for non-small states—that is, twice the International Development Association operational threshold, or $2,390 in 2011, as measured by the World Bank’s Atlas method, Zimbabwe is included in the group. The emerging market and middle-income economies include all those that are not classified as advanced economies or LIDCs. See “Economy Groupings” for more details.
All fiscal data refer to the general government where available and to calendar years, except for Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bhutan, Botswana, Dominica, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Haiti, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jamaica, Lesotho, Malawi, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, St. Lucia, Samoa, Singapore, Thailand, Tonga, and Trinidad and Tobago, for which they refer to the fiscal year.
Composite data for country groups are weighted averages of individual-country data, unless otherwise specified. Data are weighted by annual nominal GDP converted to U.S. dollars at average market exchange rates as a share of the group GDP.
For most countries, fiscal data follow the IMF’s Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014. The overall fiscal balance refers to net lending (+)/borrowing (–) of the general government. In some cases, however, the overall balance refers to total revenue and grants minus total expenditure and net lending.
Country-specific data and projections for key fiscal variables are based on the April 2024 World Economic Outlook database, unless indicated otherwise, and compiled by the IMF staff. Historical data and projections are based on the information gathered by IMF country desk officers in the context of their missions and through their ongoing analysis of the evolving situation in each country. They are updated on a continual basis as more information becomes available. Structural breaks in data may be adjusted to produce smooth series through splicing and other techniques. IMF staff estimates serve as proxies when complete information is unavailable. As a result, Fiscal Monitor data can differ from official data in other sources, including the IMF’s International Financial Statistics.
The country classification in the Fiscal Monitor divides the world into three major groups: 41 advanced economies, 96 emerging market and middle-income economies, and 58 low-income developing countries. Country groupings have been revised to broaden country coverage. The seven largest advanced economies in terms of GDP (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) constitute the subgroup of major advanced economies, often referred to as the Group of Seven (G7). The members of the euro area are also distinguished as a subgroup. Composite data shown in the tables for the euro area cover the current members for all years, even though the membership has increased over time. The low-income developing countries are countries that were designated Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT)–eligible in the 2013 PRGT-eligible review and had a level of per capita gross national income with less than the PRGT income graduation threshold for non-small states—that is, twice the International Development Association operational threshold, or $2,390 in 2011, as measured by the World Bank’s Atlas method, Zimbabwe is included in the group. The emerging market and middle-income economies include all those that are not classified as advanced economies or LIDCs. See “Economy Groupings” for more details.
All fiscal data refer to the general government where available and to calendar years, except for Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bhutan, Botswana, Dominica, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Haiti, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jamaica, Lesotho, Malawi, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, St. Lucia, Samoa, Singapore, Thailand, Tonga, and Trinidad and Tobago, for which they refer to the fiscal year.
Composite data for country groups are weighted averages of individual-country data, unless otherwise specified. Data are weighted by annual nominal GDP converted to U.S. dollars at average market exchange rates as a share of the group GDP.
For most countries, fiscal data follow the IMF’s Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014. The overall fiscal balance refers to net lending (+)/borrowing (–) of the general government. In some cases, however, the overall balance refers to total revenue and grants minus total expenditure and net lending.
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